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Objective:To compare the efficacy of combination therapy on cyclic vomiting syndrome(CVS)in children, and improve the efficacy of CVS treatment in the future.Methods:This study retrospectively analyzed patients′ medical records of CVS, which were admitted to Digestive Department of Beijing Children′s Hospital from 2012 to 2019.The treatment regimen was A(Cyproheptadine+ Doxepin+ Valproate), B(Propranolol+ Cyproheptadine), or C(Propranolol+ Amitriptyline). Meanwhile, the patients should take drugs more than three months.The clinical data of 42 cases were analyzed retrospectively, and the treatment effect after discharge was followed up by telephone until October, 2020.Results:Among the 42 cases, 17 were male and 25 were female, whose mean age of onset was (4.65±3.23) years, and the age of diagnosis was (6.79±3.58) years.The main accompanied symptoms were abdominal pain and upper gastrointestinal bleeding.Forty-two patients were moderate/severe CVS.The regimens A, B and C were observed in 7, 11, and 24 patients, respectively.The age at improvement was(8.17±4.12)years.The course of treatment was(1.37±0.96)years.The age at follow-up was(10.32±4.03)years.During the 1-year follow-up, 35 cases were effective, and the efficiency was 83.3%.Among them, 23 cases had no paroxysmal vomiting and 7 cases had no effect.There was no significant difference in therapy effects among group A, B and C. Between the effective group and non-effective group, there were statistical differences in the personal history of hiatus hernia( P=0.024), the weight at follow-up ( P=0.042), and the course of medication( P=0.020). Conclusion:The combination regimen has a higher effective rate in the treatment of CVS.There was no significant difference among the three regimens in the treatment of CVS.For children with refractory CVS, who can not be treated with combination therapy, individualized therapy should be further developed.
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El uso de antibiótico-terapia profiláctica en pacientes sanos sometidos a cirugía bucal es una constante a pesar de ser éste un tema controversial. La Asociación Americana de Cardiología (A.H.A) establece como primera elección en antibioticoterapia profiláctica a la penicilina y dado que un porcentaje importante de la población es alérgico a este antimicrobiano, determina en estos casos que la Clindamicina es una de las drogas indicada para tal fin. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la efectividad de la Clindamicina como antibioticoterapia profiláctica en la cirugía de los terceros molares. Para tal fin fueron seleccionados al azar 90 pacientes con indicación de cirugía de los terceros molares, provenientes de la sala clínica de postgrado de la Facultad de Odontología de la U.C.V. a quienes se les asignó el tratamiento farmacológico estableciendo 6 grupos de 15 pacientes: el grupo A recibió 2 cápsulas de 300 miligramos de Clindamicina para su administración una hora antes de la Cirugía. El grupo A1 recibió 4 cápsulas de 500 miligramos de Amoxicilina (TrimoxalÒ) para su administración una hora antes de la Cirugía. El grupo B recibió 12 cápsulas de 300 miligramos de Clindamicina para ser administradas a razón de 1 cápsula cada 6 horas, por vía oral, comenzando una hora antes de la cirugía hasta por tres días después de la cirugía de los terceros molares. El grupo B1 recibió 21 cápsulas de 500 miligramos de Amoxicilina (TrimoxalÒ) para ser administradas a razón de 1 cápsula cada 8 horas, por vía oral durante 7 días después de la cirugía de los terceros molares. Los grupos C y C1 no recibieron antibioticoterapia sino Placebo. Adicionalmente, todos los grupos recibieron como terapia analgésica y anti-inflamatoria 600 miligramos de Ibuprofeno (MotrínÒ) cada 6 horas, por vía oral, por tres días. Se realizaron varios controles evaluando la presencia de dolor, exudado, mal olor y mal sabor como síntomas y signos de infección. La evaluación de resultados demostró que la clindamicina es tan efectiva como la amoxicilina en cualquiera de los esquemas terapéuticos propuestos. De acuerdo a nuestros resultados es recomendable indicar el esquema de una sola dosis de Clindamicina antes de la intervención quirúrgica en pacientes alérgicos a la Penicilina.
The use of the prophylactic therapy in healthy patients under surgery oral procedures is still controversial. In accordance to the American Academy of Cardiology, penicillin continues to be the antibiotic of choice for patients who are to undergo certain dental procedures as a third molars extraction. For patients allergic to penicillin, the antibiotic of choice is Clindamycin. The aim of this study was to determine the effectivity of the clindamycin as a prophylactic therapy in the surgery of third molars. We included ramdonly 90 patients who required third molars extraction from the School of Dentistry, Universidad Central de Venezuela distributed in six groups of 15 patients. The individuals in the drug treatment A group received 2 capsules of 300 mg of Clindamycin (DalacinÒ) to be used one hour before surgery. The A1 group received 4 capsules of 500 mg of Amocicillin (TrimoxalÒ) to be used 1 hour before surgery. The B group received a prophylactic regimen of 12 capsules of Clindamycin orally, 1 capsule every six hours, starting one hour before surgery, until 3 days after third molar extraction. The B1 group received 21 capsules of Amoxicillin 500 mg (TrimoxalÒ) to be administered 1 capsule every 8 hours, orally for 7 days after surgery. C and C1 groups were control groups who did not receive any type of prophylaxis . Aditionally all the groups received as a analgesic and antiinflamatory therapy, Ibuprofen (MotrínÒ) orally every six hours for 3 days. We evaluated some variables including presence of pain, exudate, infection. Ours results demonstrate that the Clyndamycin had the same efficacy than the Amocicillin for all the groups. We recomendad the administration of one dose of Clindamycin as the antibiotic prophylaxis in the third molar extractions in patients allergic to penicillin.
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PURPOSE: Leukoencephalopathy(LE) is one of the most serious complications in children with hematologic malignancies during the course of treatment. Early recognition is important to reduce the impact and sequelae from LE. We therefore investigated the clinical features of LE following central nervous system(CNS) prophylaxis in children with hematologic malignancies and evaluated the significance of regular check-ups of brain MRI. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed children with hematologic malignancies who had CNS prophylaxis including intrathecal(IT) methotrexate(MTX) and/or cranial irradiation at the Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University Hospital from Oct. 1995 to May 2002. Fifteen cases of acute leukemia and one case of lymphoma who experienced LE following CNS prophylaxis were included in the study. Clinical data were analyzed from the medical records and brain MRIs were reviewed by neuroradiologists. RESULTS: The ages ranged from 1 to 13 years(median age=5.2 years), and the male to female ratio was 3 : 1. The time interval from the beginning of chemotherapy to the time of diagnosis of LE ranged from 2 to 17 months. They all had IT MTX two to 15 times and ten underwent cranial irradiation(1,800 rads). At the time of diagnosis, ten of them had neuropsychiatric symptoms including seizures, personality changes, headache, etc. After the change of treatment modality, four cases showed significant improvement on follow-up MRIs, six cases had no significant changes and two had worsening of LE. Four patients died of infection and bone marrow relapse. CONCLUSION: CNS prophylaxis with IT therapy and cranial irradiation may cause leukoencephalopathy during the course of treatment. As a result, regular brain MRI check-up is recommended for the early detection and reducing the incidence of LE, along with changes in the treatment modality.
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Bone Marrow , Brain , Cranial Irradiation , Diagnosis , Drug Therapy , Follow-Up Studies , Headache , Hematologic Neoplasms , Incidence , Leukemia , Leukoencephalopathies , Lymphoma , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Medical Records , Pediatrics , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies , SeizuresABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in hemophilia patients is the most common cause of death in Korea. Early suspicion and prompt treatment of ICH is a very important for saving their life and minimizing neurologic sequelae. We investigate the prognosis of the hemophilia patients with ICH who registered in Daegu & Kyungpook area. METHODS: We evaluated the clinical courses, laboratory findings, brain image, effect of treatment and prognosis of ICH. Nine of 161 patients registered in our Department of Pediatrics suffered 16 episodes of ICH from Dec. 1996 to Mar. 2002. RESULTS: All were male hemophilia A patients (severe; 5, moderate; 3 and mild; 1) with median age of 48 (17~312) months at diagnosis of ICH. Two patients who had inhibitor became negative and one patient who had found inhibitor on annual routine follow-up has had inhibitor until now. One had trauma history and seven had family history. The median time interval from first symptom to hospital visit was 7 hours (15 minutes~10 days). Chief complaints were vomiting in 6 patients, headache in 4, seizure in 3 and mental change in 1. All patients except one were initially given factor VIII concentrate, 50 units/kg and then continuous infusion, 2~3 units/kg/hour. One patient who had factor VIII inhibitor was given factor IX concentrates, 100 units/kg with activated prothrombin complex (FEIBA ), 75 units/kg at every 12 hours. All except one with hematoma in cerebellar vermis and the third ventricle are alive without any neurologic sequela. CONCLUSION: ICH in hemophilia patients can be severe with no trauma history, or can be recurred several times with life-threatening event. So, it is desirable to have early treatment, prophylaxis, regular follow-up and patient education about abnormal symptoms to reduce the complications of them.